LOW-ENERGY HOUSE
High energy prices and global climate change are forcing us to shift our energy consumer habits. Low energy houses are the basis of the application of sustainable development throughout its life cycle, starting from materials whose production does not burden the environment, through their energy efficiency and rational energy spending over the lifetime, to the rational management of waste. Niskoenergateke homes offer high living comfort with a pleasant climate throughout the year with very low costs. Energy-efficient house is a house that uses less power than a normal house. Optimization of energy consumption and achieve the best possible utilization of available energy is not new ideas. In ancient times, people are faced with the problem of constructing houses that would have sufficient thermal comfort, a major problem as it is today to make the house warm in winter and cool in summer.
This problem was first studied and recorded by Socrates, Greek philosopher 2500 years ago. The solution to this problem is known under the term "Socratic House" (Warner Socratic House). Socratova house is a hypothetical description of energy-efficient homes. The basis of Socratic studies the impact of movement of the sun on the location of the house. Layout "Socratove home" is a trapezoidal shape with a south-oriented database and the roof falling towards the north to reduce the impact shock northerly winds. The northern wall is a massive structure and thickness while the south-oriented porch designed to block the high summer sun while pervious low winter sun deep into the room.
Recently, at an exhibition in Stuttgart 1927 the German architect and architectural theorist Walter Gropius, who is also the founder and leader of the "Bauhaus", the college of architecture and design, unveiled its first prefabricated houses, and 1940th together with Conrad Wachsmannom of America established the first automated plant for the production of prefabricated elements of the house. Conrad Wachsmann is another 1925 years independently developed a system of prefabricated houses and his first customer was Albert Einstein, who made a summer residence in Potsdam.
World economic crisis and World War II was considerably slowed down the construction and further development of prefabricated houses in Europe, but on the other hand a result of bombing and war-ruined villages and towns have forced the builders to turn faster and more economically feasible way of building. As a result, in Germany in 1946 was founded the Association for prefabricated houses in the coming years had an enormous growth in the market. In Germany so far built on hundreds of thousands of low-energy houses. Intensive work, using the finest materials and quality promotion is today in Germany and Austria every third house - underground garage lies.
According to the accepted scholarly definition of low energy house is a house that is energy consumption for heating of 40 kWh/m2. Such houses can be more clearly expressed equivalent consumption of 3 liters of fuel oil and the low energy houses are popularly called "trolitarska house. Low energy architectural concept includes the maximum use of solar energy, energy efficient windows, low levels of air leakage and thermal ventilation for renewal in less energy for heating and cooling.